1943-S Lincoln Wheat Cent Penny: Bronze/Copper 

The 1943-S Lincoln Wheat Cent Penny is a unique coin in American numismatics, primarily because of its composition.  

Unlike other Lincoln Wheat Cents minted in 1943, which were made of zinc-coated steel due to the shortage of copper during World War II, the 1943-S cent from the San Francisco Mint is known to have been struck on bronze planchets intended for the previous year's coinage. 

1. Composition: While most 1943 Lincoln Cents were made of zinc-coated steel to conserve copper for the war effort, a small number of 1943-S cents were mistakenly struck on bronze planchets that were typically used for coinage in 1942. These bronze planchets consist of approximately 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc.

1. Mintage: The exact number of 1943-S Lincoln Cents struck on bronze planchets is uncertain, but it is estimated that only a few were minted before the error was discovered. The exact number surviving today is not precisely known, making these coins extremely rare and highly sought after by collectors.

1. Varieties: The 1943-S Bronze Lincoln Cent is considered a major error variety. It is identifiable by its bronze composition, which distinguishes it from the more common zinc-coated steel cents minted during the same year.

Collectibility: Due to their rarity and unique composition, 1943-S Bronze Lincoln Cents are highly coveted by collectors. 

Examples in well-preserved condition command significant premiums in the numismatic market, with prices often reaching thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars at auction. 

1. Historical Context: The striking of bronze cents in 1943 was an error caused by the accidental use of leftover bronze planchets from the previous year. This error was quickly rectified, making these coins a fascinating anomaly in the history of American coinage.

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