Age: As people age, their bones naturally become less dense and more fragile. Osteoporosis is more common in older adults, especially women after menopause, due to hormonal changes that affect bone density.
Gender: Women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis compared to men, primarily due to hormonal changes associated with menopause. Estrogen, a hormone that helps protect bone density, decreases significantly during menopause, leading to accelerated bone loss.
Family History: Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis or fractures have an increased risk of developing the condition themselves. Genetics play a significant role in determining bone density and susceptibility to osteoporosis.
Low Bone Density: Low bone density, also known as osteopenia, is a precursor to osteoporosis. Individuals with low bone density have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis and should take preventive measures to maintain bone health.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal imbalances or medical conditions that affect hormone levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis. Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, or adrenal disorders can disrupt hormonal balance and accelerate bone loss.
Dietary Factors: Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D can contribute to poor bone health and increase the risk of osteoporosis. A diet low in calcium-rich foods (such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods) and vitamin D (found in fatty fish, eggs, and fortified foods) can impair bone development and maintenance.
Lifestyle Factors: Certain lifestyle choices can increase the risk of osteoporosis, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle. Smoking interferes with bone remodeling and reduces bone density, while excessive alcohol intake can interfere with calcium absorption and increase the risk of falls and fractures.
Previous Fractures: Individuals who have experienced previous fractures, especially after minimal trauma or falls, may be at increased risk of subsequent fractures due to underlying bone weakness.
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